hardlink(1)

NAME
hardlink - Consolidate duplicate files via hardlinks

SYNOPSIS
hardlink [options] [directory...]

DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents hardlink, a program which consolidates duplicate files in one or more directories using hardlinks.

hardlink traverses one or more directories searching for duplicate files. When it finds duplicate files, it uses one of them as the master. It then removes all other duplicates and places a hardlink for each one pointing to the master file. This allows for conservation of disk space where multiple directories on a single filesystem contain many duplicate files.

Since hard links can only span a single filesystem, hardlink is only useful when all directories specified are on the same filesystem.

OPTIONS

-c, --content
    Compare only the contents of the files being considered for consolidation. Disregards permission, ownership and other differences.

-f, --force
    Force hardlinking across file systems.

-n, --dry-run
    Do not perform the consolidation; only print what would be changed.

-v, --verbose
    Print summary after hardlinking. The option may be specified more than once. In this case (e.g., -vv) it prints every hardlinked file and bytes saved.

-x, --exclude regex
    Exclude files and directories matching pattern from hardlinking.

    The optional pattern for excluding files and directories must be a PCRE2 compatible regular expression. Only the basename of the file or directory is checked, not its path. Excluded directories' contents will not be examined.

-h, --help
    Display help text and exit.

-V, --version
    Display version information and exit.

BUGS
hardlink assumes that its target directory trees do not change from under it. If a directory tree does change, this may result in hardlink accessing files and/or directories outside of the intended directory tree. Thus, you must avoid running hardlink on potentially changing directory trees, and especially on directory trees under control of another user.

Historically hardlink silently excluded any names beginning with ".in.", as well as any names beginning with "." followed by exactly 6 other characters. That prior behavior can be achieved by specifying
-x '^(\.in\.|\.[^.]{6}$)'

AUTHORS
hardlink was written by Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com> and later modified by Ruediger Meier <ruediger.meier@ga-group.nl> and Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com> for util-linux.

Man page written by Brian Long and later updated by Jindrich Novy <jnovy@redhat.com>

AVAILABILITY
The hardlink command is part of the util-linux package and is available from https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/.