# Magellan

## Maps of Genetic Landscapes

Click here to download all known landscapes files or right click on the X to save the selected file

System | Description of landscape | Reference | Magellan landscape | File
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Avian lysozyme (melting temperature) | No selectively neutral pathway links the only two extant alleles | Malcolm BA, Wilson KP, Matthews BW, Kirsch JF, Wilson AC: Ancestral lysozymes reconstructed, neutrality tested, and thermostability linked to hydrocarbon packing. Nature 1990, 345:86-89. Pubmed |  | X
D. melanogaster visible mutant (productivity and male mating success) | Epistasis and sexual selection may attenuate genetic load in natural populations. Higher-order epistasis observed. | Whitlock MC, Bourguet D: Factors affecting the genetic load in Drosophila: synergistic epistasis and correlations among fitness components. Evolution 2000, 54:1654-1660. Pubmed |  | X X
E. coli dihydrofolate reductase mutants (in vitro enzymatic activity) | Fitness landscape smoother than random; first study to offer quantitative definition of roughness | Aita T, Husimi Y: Fitness spectrum among random mutants on Mt. Fuji-type fitness landscapes. J Theor Biol 1996, 182:469-485 Pubmed | View Landscape | O
E. coli isopropyl malate dehydrogenase mutants (growth rate) | Essentially all epistasis for fitness arises in mapping from biochemistry to fitness | Lunzer M, Miller SP, Felsheim R, Dean AM: The biochemical architecture of an ancient adaptive landscape. Science 2005, 310:499-501. Pubmed Miller SP, Lunzer M, Dean AM: Direct demonstration of an adaptive constraint. Science 2006, 314:458-461. Pubmed |  | X
E. coli b-lactamase mutants (resistance against two antibiotics) | Sign epistasis constrains the number of selectively accessible mutational trajectories to highest-fitness allele; adaptive trajectories are rarely reversed when environment changes | Weinreich DM, Delaney NF, DePristo MA, Hartl DL: Darwinian evolution can follow only very few mutational paths to fitter proteins. Science 2006, 312:111-114. Pubmed |  | X
E. coli b-lactamase mutants (resistance against two antibiotics) | Sign epistasis constrains the number of selectively accessible mutational trajectories to highest-fitness allele; adaptive trajectories are rarely reversed when environment changes | Tan L, Serene S, Chao HX, Gore J: Hidden randomness between fitness landscapes limits reverse evolution. Phys Rev Lett 2011,106:198102 Pubmed |  | X X
Solinaceae sequiterpine mutants (5-EA synthesis) | Rugged landscape in which alternate catalytic specificities are often mutationally nearby | Costanzo M, Baryshnikova A, Bellay J, Kim Y, Spear ED, Sevier CS, Ding H, Koh JLY, Toufighi K, Mostafavi S et al.: The genetic landscape of a cell. Science 2010, 327:425-431. Pubmed |  | X
A. niger visible mutations (growth rate) | Genetic recombination does little to speed adaptation; fitness landscapes have intermediate ruggedness | Franke J, Klozer A, de Visser JAGM, Krug J: Evolutionary accessibility of mutational pathways. PLOS Comput Biol 2011,7:e1002134. Pubmed de Visser JAGM, Park S-C, Krug J: Exploring the effect of sex on empirical fitness landscapes. Am Nat 2009, 174:S15-S30. Pubmed |  | X X
P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase mutants in E. coli (resistance against an antimalarial drug) | Clinical data consistent with evolutionary trajectory predicted from in vitro results | Lozovsky ER, Chookajorn T, Brown KM, Imwong M, Shaw PJ, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Neafsey DE, Weinreich DM, Hartl DL: Stepwise acquisition of pyrimethamine resistance in the malaria parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106:12025-12030. Pubmed |  | X
Mammalian glucocorticoid receptor mutants (cortisol binding) | Epistasis renders evolutionary trajectories selectively irreversible | Bridgham JT, Carroll SM, Thornton JW: Evolution of hormone- receptor complexity by molecular exploitation. Science 2007, 312:97-100. Pubmed | View Landscape | O
P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase mutants in S. cervisiae (resistance against two antimalarial drugs) | Landscapes not well correlated across environments | Brown KM, Costanzo MS, Xu W, Roy S, Lozovsky ER, Hartl DL: Compensatory mutations restore fitness during the evolution of dihydrofolate reductase. Mol Biol Evol 2010, 27:2682-2690. Pubmed Costanzo MS, Brown KM, Hartl DL: Fitness trade-offs in the evolution of dihydrofolate reductase and drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS One 2011, 6:e19636. Pubmed | View Landscape | O
S. cerevisiae visible mutations (growth rate) | Epistasis is variable and genetic recombination does little to speed adaptation | Hall DW, Agan M, Pope SC: Fitness epistasis among 6 biosynthtic loci in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae. J Hered 2010, 1010:S75-S84. Pubmed | View Landscape | O
HIV glycoprotein mutants (in vitro infectivity) | Common, strong epistasis. Higher-order effects noted | da Silva J, Coetzer M, Nedellec R, Pastore C, Mosier DE: Fitness Epistasis and Constraints on Adaptation in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protein Region. Genetics 2010, 185:293-303. Pubmed |  | X X
Metholobacterium extorquens beneficial mutations in novel metabolic pathway (growth rate) | Negative pairwise epistasis among beneficial mutations | Chou H-H, Chiu H-C, Delaney NF, Segre D, Marx CJ: Diminishing returns epistasis among beneficial mutations decelarates adaptation. Science 2011, 322:1190-1192. Pubmed |  | X
E. coli beneficial mutations (growth rate). | Negative pairwise epistasis among beneficial mutations | Khan AI, Dinh DM, Schneider D, Lenski RE, Cooper TF: Negative epistasis between beneficial mutations in an evolving bacterial population. Science 2011, 332:1193-1196. Pubmed |  | X

S. cerevisiae engineered mutations (growth rate). Strong, localised epistastis Bank C, Matuszewski S, Hietpas RT, Jensen JD: On the (un)predictability of a large intragenic fitness landscape. PNAS 2016, 113:14085-14090. Pubmed X